Dr. Barrett is an Associate Professor in the Rutgers University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology. She received an A.B. in Biology and English from Amherst College and a Ph.D. in Biological Anthropology from Harvard University. She completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of California-Los Angeles. Before coming to Rutgers, she was on the faculty at the University of Rochester, where she remains an Adjunct Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Public Health Sciences.

Research Areas

Dr. Barrett’s primary research focus is on the early origins of health and disease and how exposures early in life shape our subsequent health and developmental trajectories. Because gestation is a particularly sensitive period when body systems are first forming, exposures during this period may have profound downstream effects. Dr. Barrett is particularly interested in how prenatal exposures to environmental chemicals and psychosocial stressors impact pregnancy and children’s development. She leads several ongoing NIH-funded pregnancy cohort studies and is actively involved in the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program, the largest study of the health and well-being of United States children. Through these studies, Dr. Barrett and colleagues are currently investigating the placental, hormonal, immune, epigenetic, and microbial mechanisms by which early life exposures impact downstream health.

Dr. Barrett studies the early origins of health and disease, or how exposures early in life shape our subsequent health and developmental trajectories.  Because gestation is a particularly sensitive period when body systems are first forming, insults or exposures during this period may have profound downstream effects. Much of Dr. Barrett’s research focuses on prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors, agents which interfere with the normal activity of hormones in the body. Phthalates are a class of endocrine disrupting chemicals that are found widely in food and consumer products. Nearly 100% of Americans have measurable levels of phthalate metabolites in their bodies, yet our current understanding of how these chemicals affect our bodies is limited. In The Infant Development and the Environment Study (TIDES), Dr. Barrett and colleagues are studying how prenatal exposure to these chemicals impacts reproductive and neuro-development, and whether the effects may differ in boys and girls.

Other exposures, such as psychosocial stress, disrupt early development as well. Numerous studies have examined how stress during pregnancy may alter cortisol activity and “program” neurodevelopmental, metabolic, and immune outcomes. Much less is known about the extent to which prenatal stress (and related constructs, like anxiety) may also act through other pathways and mechanisms to affect the fetus. For example, evidence from animal models and humans suggests that prenatal stress may alter in utero androgen activity, thereby affecting sex-dependent development in the offspring. Dr. Barrett and collaborators are exploring this hypothesis in the Understanding Prenatal Signals and Infant Development (UPSIDE) Study, with an eye towards better understanding the early origins of sex differences. Concurrent work in this cohort will examine how maternal inflammation during pregnancy contributes to infant and child development. One of the major themes of this research is understanding the role of the placenta in communicating messages about stressors from mother to fetus (and vice versa).

In addition to her work on prenatal exposures, Dr. Barrett is also interested in factors that impact fertility in adulthood, particularly in women. She is involved in projects focused on how psychosocial stress and environmental chemical exposures affect reproductive hormone concentrations and pregnancy outcomes. Additional ongoing work examines possible biomarkers of the prenatal hormonal milieu that can be assessed postnatally, and their relationship to measures of adult reproductive health.

Dr. Barrett’s work is funded by the National Institutes of Health (R01HD083369; R01ES016863; UG3OD023349; UG3OD023271; P30ES001247) and the Mae Stone Goode Foundation.

Research Highlights

• Assessment of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals during pregnancy in relation to reproductive and neurodevelopment in childhood
• Examination of maternal stress in relation to sex differences in the offspring
• Investigation of novel biomarkers of the prenatal hormonal milieu in humans
• Exploration of placental morphology and function in relation to prenatal exposures and postnatal outcomes
• Identification of factors contributing to reproductive health and ovarian function in fertile and infertile women

Scholarly Activities

• Editorial Board: Hormones and Behavior, Fertility and Sterility (Top 3 reviewer, 2015-2016)
• Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health (BIRCWH) Scholar (NIH K12; 2011-2014)
• Environmental Health News Science Communications Fellow (2009-2010)
• Community Advisory Board, URMC Environmental Health Sciences Center (2009-2016)
• Board of Directors, Healthy Baby Network (2015-2016)

Recent Publications

1. Woortman, MA, Barrett, ES, O’Connor, TG, Gill, SR, Scheible, K, Brunner, J, Sun, H, Dominguez-Bello, MG. Feeding Expressed Breast Milk Alters the Microbial Network of Breast Milk and Increases Breast Milk Microbiome Diversity over Time. Microorganisms. 2024;13 (1):. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13010012. PubMed PMID:39858780 PubMed Central PMC11767962
2. Kahwaji, M, Duttweiler, L, Thurston, SW, Harrington, D, Miller, RK, Murphy, SK, Wang, C, Brunner, J, Ge, Y, Lin, Y et al.. Gestational exposure to PM_2.5, NO₂, and sex steroid hormones: Identifying critical windows of exposure in the Rochester UPSIDE Cohort. Environ Epidemiol. 2025;9 (1):e361. doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000361. PubMed PMID:39822755 PubMed Central PMC11737499
3. Shiau, S, Chen, X, April-Sanders, A, Francis, EC, Rawal, S, Hansel, M, Adeyemi, K, Rivera-Núñez, Z, Barrett, ES. The Camden Study-A Pregnancy Cohort Study of Pregnancy Complications and Birth Outcomes in Camden, New Jersey, USA. Nutrients. 2024;16 (24):. doi: 10.3390/nu16244372. PubMed PMID:39770993 PubMed Central PMC11680084
4. Paquette, A, Parenti, M, Lapehn, S, Konwar, C, Kadam, L, Firsick, EJ, Barrett, ES, MacIsaac, J, MacDonald, J, Bammler, T et al.. Associations between maternal plasma concentrations of corticotrophin releasing hormone and the placental transcriptome. Placenta. 2024;160 :29-38. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.12.021. PubMed PMID:39755094
5. Barrett, ES, Skrill, D, Zhou, E, Thurston, SW, Girardi, T, Brunner, J, Liang, HW, Miller, RK, Salafia, CM, O’Connor, TG et al.. Prenatal exposure to phthalates and phthalate replacements in relation to chorionic plate surface vasculature at delivery. Sci Total Environ. 2025;958 :178116. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178116. PubMed PMID:39693655
6. Riederer, AM, Sherris, AR, Szpiro, AA, Melough, MM, Simpson, CD, Loftus, CT, Day, DB, Wallace, ER, Trasande, L, Barrett, ES et al.. Environmental and dietary factors associated with urinary OH-PAHs in mid-pregnancy in a large multi-site study. Environ Res. 2025;266 :120516. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120516. PubMed PMID:39631646
7. Gigliotti, RA, Weidner, M, Jansen, M, Greenberg, P, Bachmann, G, Dominguez-Bello, MG, Parmar, V, Panettieri, RA Jr, Reilly, N, Ayers, CA et al.. Assessments of working group effectiveness in the planning of the New Jersey Kids Study: An applied mixed-methods study on the science of team science. J Clin Transl Sci. 2024;8 (1):e163. doi: 10.1017/cts.2024.578. PubMed PMID:39619065 PubMed Central PMC11604504
8. Wang, X, Ge, Y, Lin, Y, Craig, EA, Chen, R, Miller, RK, Barrett, ES, Thurston, SW, O’Connor, TG, Rich, DQ et al.. Benzo[a]pyrene and phenanthrene hemoglobin adducts as biomarkers of longer-term air pollution exposure. Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2025;27 (1):146-153. doi: 10.1039/d4em00551a. PubMed PMID:39612168 PubMed Central PMC11606450
9. Kinkade, CW, Rivera-Núñez, Z, Brinker, A, Buckley, B, Waysack, O, Kautz, A, Meng, Y, Ohman Strickland, P, Block, R, Groth, SW et al.. Urinary mycoestrogens and gestational weight gain in the UPSIDE pregnancy cohort. Environ Health. 2024;23 (1):103. doi: 10.1186/s12940-024-01141-8. PubMed PMID:39567992 PubMed Central PMC11580541
10. Womack, SR, Murphy, HR, Arnold, MS, Duberstein, ZT, Best, M, Qiu, X, Miller, RK, Barrett, ES, O’Connor, TG. Timing sensitivity of prenatal cortisol exposure and neurocognitive development. Dev Psychopathol. 2024; :1-14. doi: 10.1017/S0954579424001287. PubMed PMID:39501652